Light Independent Reaction

Light independent reactions the calvin cycle in scientific terms.

Light independent reaction. The light independent reactions can proceed once products nadph and atp of the light dependent reactions are present in the chloroplast. The actual fixation of carbon dioxide which diffuses into the leaf from the atmosphere occurs by a cyclic series of reactions called the calvin cycle named after one of the pioneer researchers in this area a summary of the calvin cycle is illustrated in fig. The carbon dioxide is then consumed by the calvin cycle and combined with h ions to create glucose via a complicated chain of reactions that use the atp and nadph. Carbon fixation reduction reactions and ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate rubp regeneration.

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase a plant enzyme which catalyzes the fixing of atmospheric carbon dioxide during photosynthesis by catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and rubp. Therefore the light independent reaction cannot happen without the light dependent reaction. In this process sugars are made from carbon dioxide. Photosystem ii cytochrome b6f complex photosystem i and atp synthase.

Chemical reactions during photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose taking place in the stroma rubisco. Light independent reactions the endergonic def light independent reactions of photosynthesis use the atp and nadph synthesized during the exergonic def light dependent reactions to provide the energy for the synthesis of glucose and other organic molecules def from inorganic carbon dioxide and water. There are three phases to the light independent reactions collectively called the calvin cycle. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane.

The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma where the light independent reactions take place. The process known as the calvin cycle uses products of the light dependent reactions atp and nadph and various enzymes. In photosynthesis the light dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes.

In the stroma of the plant cells the nadph and atp chemicals fixate carbon dioxide from the air to produce a sugar that can act as food for the plant. The reactions are known as the calvin cycle and they take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. In land plants the carbon dioxide is absorbed by pores called stomata in the leaves of the plant. Though it is called the dark reaction the calvin cycle does not actually occur in the dark or during nighttime.

Also known as the calvin cycle the four steps of the light independent or dark reactions are carbon fixation reduction carbohydrate formation and regeneration of the initial enzymes. Light independent reactions take place in plant chloroplasts.